In this paper, we present a review on the existing technologies of daylighting systems up to date and how they can provide lighting in a building interior via collection and distribution of sunlight. Thus, it is needy to explore new technologies for direct use of sunlight via integrating daylight system to the building, which is cost-saving, environment-friendly, and a green solution rather than indirect conversion of electricity to lighting even from renewable sources. This is equal to the total electricity nuclear power generates. Finally, best designs for each orientation and location were pointed out based on both daylighting and thermal results.read more read lessĪbstract: According to the International Energy Agency, nearly 20% of worldwide electricity is used up by lighting. This illustration of daylighting benefits can be realized only if the integration of daylighting and thermal climate-based analysis is modeled efficiently and depends on glazing and shading properties and control. LIGHTING AND SHADE CONTROL STRATEGIES WINDOWSMoreover, the complex interactions of the studied parameters and their impact on the heating, cooling and lighting energy performance revealed an interesting result: windows occupying 30–50% of the facade can actually result in lower total energy consumption for most cases with automated shading. Useful daylight illuminances between 5 lux were considered in detail – it was found that this index can be maximized for specific window-to-wall ratios and that depends on the glazing properties and fabric properties for each orientation. Detailed results for Chicago and Los Angeles showed that windows with visible transmittance higher than 50% have the ability to allow enough daylight into the space for all locations and orientations for window-to-wall ratios higher than 50%. The model also considers the air in the gap between shade and interior glass as a separate thermal node. Based on the daylighting results, lighting internal gains (continuous dimming control) are simultaneously input to the thermal module. A thermal simulation module using the explicit finite difference thermal network approach runs at the same time step and calculates heating, cooling and lighting source energy consumption as well as surface temperatures and operative temperature. Daylight autonomy and useful daylight illuminances were computed as a function of facade design parameters. Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis to study the balance between daylighting benefits and energy requirements (control of solar gains) in perimeter private office spaces with interior roller shades taking into account glazing properties, shading properties and control together with window size, climate and orientation in an integrated daylighting and thermal manner.
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